Why carpet takes more than the floor area
Carpet comes off a roll, usually 12 feet wide, and you pay for the full width of every piece you cut. A room up to 12 feet wide fits in one piece. Wider rooms need a second piece and a seam — and the leftover width of that second piece is usually waste.
Example: a 16' x 14' bedroom is 24.9 square yards of floor. Run the carpet the 14-foot way and it takes two 14' 6" pieces (3" extra at each end for trimming) off a 12-foot roll — 38.7 square yards with one seam. That's why carpet quotes are so much higher than the room size suggests.
Seams and pile direction
The calculator picks the layout with the fewest seams, then the least carpet. Try to keep seams out of doorways and walking paths, and make sure every piece has its pile running the same direction — otherwise the pieces look like different colors.
Pad, tack strip and seam tape
Pad covers the floor area (no roll-width waste). Tack strip runs around the walls but not across doorways, and seam tape runs the length of each seam.
Considering a hard floor instead? Try the flooring calculator.