Living room
The rug should be wider than the sofa — about a foot past each end — with the front legs of the sofa and chairs on it, so the seating area reads as one group. Example: an 84" sofa in a 15' x 12' room calls for an 8' x 10' rug; a 5' x 8' would float in front of the sofa and look too small.
Bedroom
Run the rug under the lower two-thirds of the bed, with 18"–24" showing on both sides and past the foot, so your feet land on it when you get up. A queen bed usually takes an 8' x 10'; a king, a 9' x 12' if the room allows.
Dining room
Add about 24" to every side of the table so chairs stay on the rug when they're pulled out. A 72" x 36" table needs a rug at least 10' x 7' — in practice an 8' x 10'.
Leave a border
Keep 12"–18" of bare floor between the rug and the walls. A rug that runs wall to wall reads as carpet; one with a border makes the room look bigger.
Standard rug sizes
5' x 8', 6' x 9', 8' x 10', 9' x 12', 10' x 14' and 12' x 15' are the most common. Sizes vary a few inches by maker, so check the label.
Arranging the furniture first? Use the furniture layout planner.